Writing Coursework Following Educating Essex and Question Time Listening Essay Sample free essay sample

As the figure of media has risen significantly in this century. for example, instant message ( SMS ) and chirrup ( web log ) . individuals have begun abusing their opportunity of address and talk anything they like. Thus. it prompts various sorts of employments including digital bulling and bigotry. In footings of the terrorizing from Educating Essex and the Fabrice Muamba Twitter race comments. both of the transgressors submitted the offenses through media. For the previous. an understudy who called Gabby was digital tormented through instant messages by her schoolmates. Elegance and Chloe. For the last mentioned. a University student Liam Stacey has posted appalling etymological correspondence through Twitter towards a football player Fabrice Muamba who was believed to be kicked the bucket. Sing the Educating Essex. it uncovers that Gabby was tormented on the grounds that everyone needed to be mainstream and they could partake in girly bitching or disseminating bits of gossip. Moreover. they will envious with those individuals who were totally carried on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Composing Coursework Following Educating Essex and Question Time Listening Essay Sample or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page being focussed and buckle down. In this way. they will menace those individuals as they were being demonstrated up to be non buckling down bounty. Nonetheless. finally. both of Grace and Chloe lamented to digital tormented Gabby. On the other hand. the case of Fabrice Muamba Twitter race comments shows that Liam Stacey drank a cluster at that cut and don’t comprehend what he has done. All things considered. after he thought about this. he other than lamented to make so. Going with the impacts. the entirety of the miscreants including Grace. Chloe and Liam Stacey other than needed to gain a condemnable solid conviction while Stacey needs to set in gaol for 56 yearss. For the people in question. Gabby felt troubled and furious to the terrorizing. Other than. she didn’t realize who can be trust any more and individuals are appalling to her and she didn’t need to talk or grin at them. In the mean time. Fabrice Muamba and his family unit may other than hold indistinguishable emotions from Gabby that they will get irate to this kind of â€Å"joke† . As regards the outcome. Gabby has discovered the school and guardians to cover with the activity ; the school gives clear back uping grounds to constabularies and happen the bully’s female parent and talk with them with no implication. At a similar clasp. the guardians can chime to the constabulary for torment. Be that as it may. Liam Stacey must be considered by the equity and he confined the Public request Act 1986. As a result. he has imprisoned for 56 yearss. In 29th March. 2012. there was a contention called Question Time. They have welcomed various individuals to banter for arranged issues while one of them included the Muamba Twitter example. They have talked about the 56 yearss punishment and sharing their estimations about the issue and the plea against the sentence. A few people imagined that the punishment is over the top and expectation Stacey can win the plea of sentence. Orchestrating to Simon Jenkins. the editorialist and National Trust president. it is regrettable and cockamamie sentence. He referenced that guiding individuals to gaol is ridiculous and it has a higher figure in Britain contrasted and other European states. In the event that we can non digest individuals to talk ruined etymological correspondence. it was uncalled for. Thusly. he emphatically trusts that Stacey can win the supplication. Aside from Simon Jenkins. Anna Soubry. Preservationist MP. concurred and proceeded to include that albeit foul or racial semantic correspondence ought to non be endured. now and again we overlook that a condemnable record will tail you until an amazing terminal. Consequently. it is unreasonable for the sentence and she trusts that others can larn his exercise. In the mean time. an entertainer. Alexei Sayle. contended that individuals are consistently holding dark thoughts. they only express in the encephalon. In this manner. he inferred that Stacey ought to non be placed in gaol. At a similar clasp. the resistances differ that the punishment is too much unreasonable. As Douglas Alexander. Work MP. referenced that there is no defense for the comments and we ought to be demand in dismissing bigotry including on the web and disconnected. Other than. Sarah Teather. Liberal Democrat MP. other than upheld that on the off chance that it is private discussion. it doesn’t undertaking. Be that as it may. at the point when you arranged to state to the universe through media. it causes gigantic unsettling influence and horrendous inclination. In this manner. everybody should deal with what they said as a similar way as distribution wherever. so we need to accept twice before we post it. Moreover. a crowd of people other than concurred that holding 56 yearss punishment can move as an outline to thwart individuals to make it constantly. By and by. I don’t accept 56 yearss punishment is over the top. The main ground is that if Stacey can request the sentence. others may accept that bigotry is non a genuine activity and they may make it ceaselessly with numerous plausible excuses. In spite of the fact that they will hold the condemnable record. this can use to caution them non to make it again. By and large. it is our obligations to post any words that are non affecting others and we need to accept twice before we post it.

New Student Photo Entry #14 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #14 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first three photos come from Yun Dong, incoming MIA student. Forbiden city, taken in June, 2009, in Beijing. This is the entrance to the Forbidden City, which was absolutely inaccessible for common people 2 hundred years ago. But now, the lion used to represent royal authority has become a welcoming symbol for worldwide travelers. Debate, taken in August 2007, in Tibet. The Lamas gather to debate about the sutra they have studied, which is kind of a test. A Lama must answer the question asked by the teacher in front of everyone. If he got it wrong, he would be booed. Because of the pressure, they often move constantly like clapping hands or stomping feet to keep up their courage. Pilgrim, taken in August 2007, in Tibet. I met these pilgrims on the highway, who were on their way to Lhasa, the religious. Even with modern transportation, they stuck to the traditional way: every few steps, they would worship with legs, arms and forehead touching the ground. You can notice some special gears on their hands, feet and elbows to protect themselves. They money they gathered on the way would be donated to the temple once they arrived. _______________________________________ The following three photos come from incoming MIA student Thomas Ritzer. The first photo was taken on our boat trip from Siem Reap to Battambang via the Tonle Sap lake and the Stung Sangker river. Impressed by the amazing scenery I could not resist to try and be a little artistic by taking this photo of a Cambodian man relaxing on our boat. The second photo was taken in Battambang while we were waiting for the so called Bamboo Train cobbled together with a wooden or metal frame, bamboo planking, a moped engine, and old military tank wheels and axles. The occasional appearance of such a train was always a big hit with the kids hanging out at the train stop. The third photo shows our bamboo train with kids playing on our mopeds and the train driver posing in front of it.

Descriptive Essay - Emergency Room - 1062 Words

Flashing red and blue lights accompanied by an alarming siren in the distance is signaled when the double doors of the emergency room burst open. Pushed by several nurses, doctors, and other medical staff, a lone hospital stretcher with a bloody, wounded patient flies through the medical center towards the doors to the operating room. This image is what generally comes to mind when you think about an emergency room. Many people believe that the hospital’s emergency room is a dark and scary place. While this is true, the common misconception is that the emergency room is a place clear of humor, when in reality humor is present, even necessary, for many reasons. Many television shows, like the show ER, are based in the setting of the†¦show more content†¦Finally, humor keeps those that work in traumatic situations from becoming disheartened. Because of the nature of their work, most of the individuals that work in the ER have a high burnout rate. There are so many negat ive aspects of working in the ER that doctors and other workers cannot handle for an extended period of time. The anxieties due to the unknowns such as how many people will need medical attention, what the nature of their injuries are, etc. cause additional stress to an already stressful schedule. Because accidents can happen at any time, ER workers have to work at night, which is unappealing to many. Because of these negative aspects, ER work is very difficult, and many people who work in this environment eventually want out. Humor lightens the blow of many of these negative aspects, and at least makes working in the hospital a little more bearable. Humor keeps hospital staff from physically becoming depressed. With the mass number of illness, surgery, and death that they are encompassed with, working in the hospital can wipe out one’s physical energy and mental state of well-being. Humor offers a levity of the morose and depressing environment that they are surrounded by ea ch day. The emergency room is not a room that people should take lightly. The very nature of its services that it provides to its clientele prove it to be aShow MoreRelatedEmergency Room at Mercy Hospital831 Words   |  3 PagesEmergency Room: Descriptive Essay The emergency room at Mercy Hospital is a cluster of confusion, an avoided place, and most definitely not where I want to be tonight. The chair upon which I sit is hard, without any back support, and the rough fabric scratches my skin as I constantly fidget in my seat. Harsh white light from the streetlamp outside the entrance finds itself directly in my eyes. It is no use to squint, or shut my eyes completely; even the darkness behind my eyelids cant hide meRead MoreHealth Care Economics1197 Words   |  5 Pagescertainly apply to health care and the way that health care is administered in our country during this time. 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Capitalism A Superior Economic System Essay example

Capitalism: A Superior Economic System People generally enjoy having money in their possession because it gives them a feeling of power and freedom. Having money gives people the freedom to spend it on what they choose and the power to make more if they wish. Working in order to make money provides people with a sense of independence and pride while learning responsibility. In a world where the majority of people like possessing money and having the opportunity to obtain more of it, the majority of people should prefer having a capitalist economic system over having a socialist one. There are many arguments that support and explain why capitalist economic systems are superior to socialist economic systems. First and foremost, a†¦show more content†¦Due to the lack of motivation in socialism, people’s desire to be excellent and efficiently working employees decreases tremendously. This is because people will see no reason to work hard if they will not receive any more or less for their efforts or the lack thereof (â€Å"Socialism†). Therefore, a capitalist economic system is far superior to a socialist economic system in the sense that it offers rewards for effort whereas socialism does not. Although the capitalist economic system is a great motivator, it also enables an economy where businesses and people can compete against each other in attempt to be more successful than others. Capitalism, which has a free enterprise market, allows competition between businesses. A capitalist economic system results in a competitive market where there are many companies that provide similar products or services. In order for the companies to outdo their opponents, the companies will often change and improve the price, the quality, and/or the quantity of goods or services (Deane). 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What You Must Know About Catw Essay Topics Yahoo

What You Must Know About Catw Essay Topics Yahoo To defend your subject, you can recall the effect of overloaded schedule on college grades. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Students are accustomed to the fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. The Benefits of Catw Essay Topics Yahoo Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to demonstrate your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. The question could possibly be part of your introduction, or it may make an excellent title. On the opposite side, acquiring a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. Therefore, you've got to locate enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. There are range of alternatives for the necessary nutrition. Sure, with this kind of a huge number of topics to select fro m, picking just one may be challenging. There are varying views on if a college education is necessary in order to have a prosperous life. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no real method to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). Schools should not have a thing to do with ads. Smoking ought to be banned for everyone. The Fight Against Catw Essay Topics Yahoo Cell phone use and texting ensure it is hard to concentrate. There are a couple easy guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a fantastic persuasive essay. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as you're able to discover a lot of materials about it. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied upon in order to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be mindful in selecting one. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. They should talk to their children about drugs at a young age. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to have tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. A minumum of one parent should work at home. Speaking about something you understand well makes it a lot easier and enjoyable! The school day needs to be shorter. School should happen in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. New Questions About Catw Essay Topics Yahoo Iranian nuclear deal is much better than no deal in any way. There are those who do not support such decisions. Many people wind up covering the exact same tired topics they see in the media every day, just because they can't produce a better idea. Just imagine, you have all of the freedom on earth to write about anything you desire. Bear in mind that you're attempting to make your audience except a brand-new vision of the issue. You may trust us to give expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. It is preferable to search online since it will conserve a plenty of time. The goal of brainstorming is to aid you in getting ideas. Possessing no thought of the persuasive essay topics, you just do not understand what to write about. Good persuasive essay topics must be persuasive. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. There are a lot of intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. Finding Catw Essay Topics Yahoo on the Web Drugs have to be illegal all around the world. Domestic terrorism isn't really an overwhelming issue in the united states. Since you can see, lots of the topics listed are new and handle the present issues happening in the World today. Problems connected with drugs are somewhat contradictive. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to create the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. He should take the author's side by the end of the reading. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. Feel free to pick a topic you will delight in writing about and not just one that you believe will please your professor. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. At the exact same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. Spam mail ought to be outlawed. If you can select the problem by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! Honking during a traffic jam isn't likely to clear this up. Now, convince the people that there's an issue.

Effectiveness of Lemon and Orange Peel as Insect Repellent Sample Essay Example For Students

Effectiveness of Lemon and Orange Peel as Insect Repellent Sample Essay There are many workss that can be used for doing an insect repellent that is extremely branded. The research worker wanted to do lemon and orange Peel as an insect repellent chief ingredient because we can besides acquire them the fruit in our ain tree or backyard and acquire merely the Peel. The research worker chose lemon and orange Peel because it is besides good for our organic structure and tegument. The lemon Peel contains Vitamin C and citric acid which are good for our tegument. While an orange Peel besides contains Vitamin C. The Peels can guard off mosquitoes. It’s said that mosquitoes and gnats are wholly repulsed by either aroma. The indispensable oils that can be extracted from lemon and orange Peel are the 1 that makes the mosquitoes wing off. Lemon and orange is fundamentally known as a fruit that we can eat. We can besides do other merchandise with its citric acid and their Peel in whitening tegument and an insect repellent. An insect repellant is a substance applied to clamber. vesture. or other surfaces which discourages insects ( and arthropods in general ) from set downing or mounting on that surface. Effective insect repellants can protect you from serious mosquito- and tick-borne diseases. In the United States. mosquitoes can convey diseases like St. Louis phrenitis and West Nile virus. Ticks can convey serious diseases like Lyme disease. Rocky Mountain spotted febrility. and Ehrlichiosis. I. Background of the survey Today. lemon and orange are made non merely for the fruit that it produces. The Peel besides can be utile and healthy for our organic structure. It can besides give some vitamins that our organic structure demand. It can besides be utile in organic structure lightening. Insect repellant is really common for doing mosquitoes wing off. It can besides assist prevent and command the eruption of insect-borne diseases such as malaria. Lyme disease. dandy fever febrility. bubonic pestilence. and West Nile febrility. II. Statement of the Problem This survey tries to happen out the effectivity of lemon and orange Peel as an insect repellant. This survey aims to bring forth a low-cost but high quality insect repellant by utilizing lemon and orange Peel as a major ingredient. This survey aims to reply the undermentioned inquiries:* How can lemon and orange peel ward off mosquitoes without seting chemicals on it? * What are the components of lemon and orange Peel that is good for tegument? III. Significance of the Undertaking The research worker site the importance of insect repellant to each person. Insect repellant is good in doing mosquitoes off. Lemon and orange Peel is really rich in Vitamin C that is good for our tegument. This is besides worth-making because it the ingredients that the research worker used are both alimentary and good for our tegument. This merchandise of the research worker can be used non merely for grownups but besides for kids. This merchandise is appropriate for all types of tegument. And it is cheaper than to a merchandise sold in the section shop. IV. Delimitation and Limitation of the UndertakingThe research worker was besides benefit in doing the repellent that is made of orange and lemon Peel. The clip consume is 10-12 hours. The ingredient can be provided at place. The research worker will acquire the orange and lemon Peel from the backyard while some of the stuffs will be bought from a food market shop. The research worker will prove the repellant to any portion of tegument. V. Definition of Footings .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .postImageUrl , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:hover , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:visited , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:active { border:0!important; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:active , .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436 .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ee723fffae286120d8825efff24f436:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sampson Essay* Ehrlichiosis – is an infective disease transmitted by the bite of a tick. * Citric acid – is a weak organic acid found in citrous fruit fruits. It is a natural preservative and is besides used to add an acidic ( rancid ) gustatory sensation to nutrients and soft drinks. * Encephalitis is annoyance and puffiness ( redness ) of the encephalon. most frequently due to infections. * West Nile virus is a disease spread by mosquitoes. The status ranges from mild to severe. * Rocky Mountain spotted febrility is a disease brought on by a type of bacteriums carried by ticks. * Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread through the bite of the blacklegg ed tick. Chapter II VI. Review of related literature Harmonizing to Mrs. Daniels ( 2009 ) research worker in Singapore. mosquitoes do non like the odor of lemons and the lemon aroma will besides maintain away mosquitoes. Make a nice glass of fresh lemonade with a fresh lemon and so take the left over lemon Peel and rub it onto your tegument. The odor of the lemon will maintain away the mosquitoes. Lemon and oranges are besides known to maintain the gnats off. Gnats are those bantam bugs that buzz around your caput when you are seeking to bask the great out-of-doorss. Keep them away with some lemon or orange Peels merely like the mosquitoes. Eat the orange and they rub the Peel of the orange on your tegument. Or do lemon assistance and rub the lemon Peel on your tegument to maintain the mosquitoes off. Using orange or lemons to maintain the gnats and mosquitoes off from you when you are outside is a natural manner to maintain the bugs off. You don’t have to pass money on any expensive mosquito or gnat repellant and you can eat the fruit before you use the Peels. It is economical to utilize the lemon or orange Peels as mosquito and gnat repellant and it won’t hurt you or your kids since lemons or orange Peels are all natural. End Notes hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Insect_repellent hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Insect_repellent End Note hypertext transfer protocol: //voices. yokel. com/natural-mosquito-repellent-orange-lemon-peels-3349596. hypertext markup language? cat=5

How Does Shakespeare Influence Audience Opinion Of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice Essay Example

How Does Shakespeare Influence Audience Opinion Of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice Paper Shakespeare influences audience opinion in many different ways in The Merchant Of Venice. However, some of the devices he uses may have differing effects on Elizabethan and modern audiences. Elizabethans had many prejudiced stereotypes that Shakespeare includes in his play. There was less diversity of cultures when Shakespeare wrote the play, and therefore there was a lot more bad feeling towards different races and religions. Elizabethans were also more religious than people are nowadays, so there feelings towards religion and religious beliefs were much stronger than they would be today. The Elizabethans did not like the Jews, mainly because of the stereotypes that were portrayed of them. Jews were seen to be money grabbing and the Elizabethans disagreed with their ideas and values about life. The play was set in Venice, Italy where there was a law of equality which allowed trade to run smoothly as much of the Venetian way of life was based on trading. This would have an effect on the Elizabethan audience because Elizabethans believed that generosity was a great virtue to have, and they believed that Jews were not at all generous, something which is definite of Shylocks character. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Shakespeare Influence Audience Opinion Of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Shakespeare Influence Audience Opinion Of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Shakespeare Influence Audience Opinion Of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They also disliked usurers and merchants because they went against the Christian values. The play is a comedy and a lot of the humour was based on the Elizabethan reaction to Shylocks character and onstage appearance. However, in modern times society is a lot less prejudiced, thus creating more sympathy for Shylock. The Elizabethan audience would also be much more religious than a modern audience, and Shylock was a character that went against everything they believed in as Christians. Most of the Christian values are opposed to the stereotypical portrayal of Jews, especially as they are portrayed in Merchant Of Venice. Therefore, especially with an Elizabethan audience, the main feeling towards Shylock would not be sympathy, but hostility and loathing. The Elizabethan audience would immediately recognise Shylock as Jewish because he would we be dressed in stereotypical Jewish clothes and he would be wearing a red wig which was another stereotypical image of Jews. Everything about him would be stereotypical of a Jewish person, most of it in a degrading way as Shakespeare himself would have been a Christian. A lot of Shylocks speech reflects his character, for instance, he is a miser with words, similar to the way he is a miser with his money. He does not live in the world of aristocrats, but instead the world of merchants, which is why his money is so important to him. In Act One, Scene Three Shylock speaks first and his words are Three thousand ducats; well. This gives us an immediate first impression that his main concern in life is his money and wealth. He also repeats a lot of his words and phrases which shows he has a materialistic mind and a lack of imagination. He is very narrow and literal minded as we see in the way that he speaks. Ho, no, no, no, no and there be land-rats and water-rats, land-thieves and water-thieves It is significant that he used the term rats, because the Elizabethans had strong views on the sense of order of being. They thought that the order of society reflected the universe. Animals were at the bottom of this chain and therefore the least important. Elizabethan philosophers thought that man would lapse into beastliness if he allowed himself to become selfish. Therefore, the fact that Shylock uses animals as metaphors shows that he is preoccupied with the animal world. This tells us that Shylock is at about the same level as animals in the order of being, giving the audience little respect for him. However, a modern audience may not see this link as they do not have the same ideas as the Elizabethans on the order of being. Other characters in the play also refer to Shylock as a bird of prey which shows us that they perceive him as being the least important person around, and that he is selfish. The audience may react to this differently because it might, for some people, increase their sympathies towards Shylock as he is being mistreated and mocked by the other characters, but other people may see it as a reinforcement to the idea that Shylock is a selfish, unlikeable character. However, I dont think it would influence a modern audiences opinion towards Shylock because they would not associate the animal references with the chain of being. Therefore, it would only affect the Elizabethan audiences who would understand the references. He also repeats short, blunt phrases, showing his stubborn personality and his repetition of the adjectives rats and thieves show, again, that he lacks imagination and it is a great contrast to the metaphorical way of speaking of Antonio and the other Christians. [Antonio]The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. An evil soul, producing holy witness, is like a villain with a smiling cheek, A goodly rotten apple at the heart. This is an example of the poetic speech of Antonio and his fellow Christians. This gives the audience a negative opinion about Shylock compared to Antonio already, as Shakespeare wanted his audience to think that Christians were much more sensitive and open hearted then the Jews. It also means that the a udience will subconsciously prefer Antonio to Shylock as his words are much more poetical and less blunt. It also gives us a bad impression of Shylock because we see that Antonio is speaking harsh words about him and we know that there must be a reason for this because Antonio is Christian and is therefore good and speaks the truth. The contrasts between Shylock and Antonio influence audience opinion greatly. The main reason for disliking Shylock is the fact that he is a Jew and most of the Elizabethan audience, as well as the majority of the characters in the play, are Christians. Therefore, a lot of the influences on the audience for disliking Shylock, come from the constant comparisons to Antonio who is seen to be automatically a good character, simply because he is a Christian. This is hypocritical because, although Antonio is not an obvious merchant like Shylock, he still makes money in the same way that Shylock does, but through his ships. However, there are some similarities between the two characters. Although it is more obvious with Shylock, both of the characters are outsiders. Shylock, because he is a Jew and Antonio because he is unmarried. Also, neither of them accept the others religion and they both hate each other because of it. Both of them are lonely, isolated figures amongst the happy youth of Venice. They also both equate their property with their life and they both have a power over the others life at some time in the play. This means that although the audience may dislike Shylock and like Antonio, there are still similarities between them, which might make their opinions change or differ throughout the play. There is a irony in the way that one of the reasons the Christians (and Antonio) despise Shylock is because of what he does with his money (lend it out for profit) but Antonio does the same thing with his trading, but in a different way. This irony is highlighted in Act Four, Scene One, by Portia [Portia]Which is the merchant here? And which is the Jew? This would show the audience that some of the reasons for disliking Shylock are unfair, as they apply to themselves and the other Christian characters in the play. There are, however, a lot of differences and contrasts between Antonio and Shylock apart from the obvious different religions. Shylock lends his money to his enemies for a profit, whereas Antonio lends his money to his friends for free. Antonio risks his life for Bassanio because he is his friend, but Shylock tries to take the life of Antonio because he is his enemy. They also have very different characters. Antonio is mainly optimistic and merciful, whereas Shylock is pessimistic and vengeful. This influences the audience opinion because they think of Antonio as a good character because he shows better characteristics. The audience will also have a negative opinion of Shylock because he is surrounded by enemies while Antonio is surrounded by friends. This is part of the way the scene is structured which affects the audience opinion of Shylock. The way the scenes are structured has a lot to do with our opinion of Shylock. For example, in most of the scenes we either see Shylock in the middle of a conversation, or entering in the middle of a scene with other characters. This means that we never see whether Shylock stops talking about money when he is not talking about the deal, because we never see him start a conversation. This means that we have a negative view of him, because we always see the same business side of him. We also never see Shylock on his own, he always enters the stage to join a social grouping, which automatically makes him seem like an outsider. This also means that we rarely see Shylock as he sees himself, just as other people see him. Because most of the other characters in the play are Christians, and therefore dislike Shylock, we see their image of him, which is obviously going to be negative. However, through the use of asides, Shylock reveals some of his inner thoughts to the audience, which is the only time we get to see what Shylock is really feeling. [Shylock talking about Antonio]How like a fawning publican he is: I hate him for he is Christian This shows us that Shylock is capable of human emotion and he does have feelings, which is a contrast to the narrow minded image we have of him, due to his cold, monosyllabic talk. However, these emotions are negative so they do not necessarily create a good image of his personality, but they still show that he has emotions. This creates a better image for Shylock and we feel more sympathy towards him because as we realise that he does have feelings, we realise that he does get hurt by the way he is treated and we see that it is unfair. However, Shylock is being hypocritical because he is being prejudiced against Antonio which is one of the reasons that he (Shylock) is treated unfairly himself. In a modern audience, however, where religion is less important they may see that Shylocks prejudices are justified because of the way that he is treated. In Act three, Scene one the language that Shylock uses influences our opinion a lot. Shylock learns of the disappearance of his daughter, Jessica and he does not seem to be very concerned. She is damned for it This suggests that Shylock does not care about what has happened to her and he blames her, saying she is damned. A lot of the reactions he has towards his daughter would influence audience opinion greatly. A lot of Act Three, Scene One is about the disappearance of Shylocks daughter Jessica. Shylock fears that she has run away with a Christian, his greatest enemies. At first we think that he is genuinely interested in his daughters well-being. [Shylock]Hast thou found my daughter? The first thing he thinks about is his daughter, which shows us that he does have some good sides to him and he wants to know what has happened to his daughter. This will make the audience see him in a good light as he has shown us that he cares about someone. However, Shylock then proves that he is a slave to his money [Shylock]a diamond gone! Cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfurt I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear Shylock has openly admitted that he would rather have his jewels and his daughter dead, than the other way around. This is a shocking thing to admit and it will influence the audience greatly into having a negative opinion about him, because the fact that he cares more about his money than his daughter gives the impression that he is extremely cold hearted and money is his life. Although Shylock repeatedly talks about his loyalty to the Jewish faith, it is shown to be less important to him than his wealth [Shylock]a diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfurt! The curse never fell upon our nation until now; I never felt it till now This shows that his priorities lie not with his faith which he talks about so much, but with his money because he admits that the supposed curse on his race has not affected him until now, when his money has been taken away. By saying this the audience gets an impression of him that until things affect him personally they do not bother him, which emphasises his selfish personality. It also shows that he is feeling bitter about being a Jew. He then calls his daughter a thief, which shows that he doesnt seem to have any compassion towards her because she has taken the most important thing in his life from him: money. This reinforces our opinions and ideas about his character, and the audience will continue to see him in a bad light. We then see more of Shylocks bad side when he learns about Antonios ships. [Shylock]What, what, what? ill luck? ill luck? From this we see that he is keen for someone else to suffer bad luck as well as him. It also shows us that he is happy again now he knows that he will get his money. Again we see that money is extremely important to him because he has become happier when he realises that he Antonio will not be able to pay him back and therefore broken the bond. This shows us again the bitterness and selfishness of his character. However, he does show us that he has some feelings because he mentions his ex-wife Leah. I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. This shows us that he does in fact care for some people, and he does have feelings and emotions as he would not have given the ring away because of its sentimental value. This shows the audience that he cared for his wife and it creates audience sympathy towards him because he obviously cares/cared for her, proving he does have emotions and he is not completely bitter. Another of the main devices in the play which influence our opinion of Shylock occurs with the main twist in the plot: the ending where the tables are turned on Shylock. In the court he is insisting on carrying out the bond he had with Antonio, even though both the judge and Portia are against him and have offered him three times the money Antonio owed him instead of the pound of flesh. However, Portia points out that Shylock cannot have his pound of flesh because the bond would not allow him to spill any of Antonios blood, and Shylock would not be able to take a pound of flesh from Antonio without taking any of his blood. [Portia]Take then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh; But, in cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice This comes as a shock to both the audience and Shylock because neither of them would foresee this. It is also an example of irony because Portia is being as p edantic about the law as Shylock was earlier in the scene. There is even more dramatic irony when Shylock is forced to be a Christian. [Antonio] He presently become a Christian This is ironic because Christians are supposed to believe in mercy and forgiveness, so this is going against their religious beliefs. It also makes the audience feel sympathy towards Shylock because he is facing having to lose everything or to change his beliefs. It is also ironic that Antonio and the other Christians despise Shylock because he lends money for profit, because they do exactly the same thing, just in a different way. Antonio sends his ships out to buy goods cheaply from other places, and then he will sell them on for more money, which is effectively the same as what Shylock is doing. Christians also believe that everyone is equal but they do not show these qualities in their inhuman treatment of their slaves. This hypocrisy increases audience sympathy for Shylock because we see, again, that he is being mistreated, even more clearly than before. Because Shylocks religion was one of the main reasons that he was mistreated, the audience will see it as unfair that it is now being taken away from him, when it has been the reason for years of suffering on his part. The trial scene in the play is very important because it is where the two main plots come together. The scene starts without Shylock (which is the case for much of the play) and when he enters he knows that everyone in the court is Christian so he does not expect much sympathy from them. At the beginning Shylock tells the Court that he wants Antonios flesh because it is his whim although he does not give reasons for this, except that he is only insisting on the bond because he bears a grudge. He points out that other men would do the same thing, only in different situations. This influences the audience opinion as they think he is just being stubborn and difficult, an unlikeable trait. Shylock also refuses to listen to the Dukes pleas of humanity, but the Dukes views are from a Christian point of view so Shylock may not agree with them. We can also see the extremity of Shylocks hatred towards Antonio when Bassanio asks a reasonable question [Bassanio]Do all men kill the things they do not love? Shylock response has extreme implications [Shylock]Hates any man the thing he would not kill? Shylock is saying that Antonio symbolises everything he hates, and that is why he is so insistent on the bond being carried out. The characters in this scene are all human, but they also stand for concepts. Shylock is inflexible and inhuman and he stands for law, an end in itself. Portia represents law in the service of man and we can see this when Bassanio tries to convince Portia to stop Shylock taking his pound of flesh by telling her that to do a great right, do a little wrong. However, she refuses, saying that it must not be. By refusing to stop Shylock she is proving that she represents law in the service of man because she is carrying out the law completely. She is also, by contrast to Shylock, flexible and merciful. However, this emphasises the hypocrisy that Portia shows when she does not show any mercy to Shylock in the end. Portia continuously offers Shylock three times the money that Antonio owed him to let the bond drop, but Shylock refuses. In doing this we see his stubborn nature and his strict adherence to the law. It also shows us that he is hard-hearted and sadistic, certainly not merciful. We see more of a reason to dislike Shylock when he refuses to let a doctor stand by while he takes his pound of flesh because it is not in the bond. This reinforces our opinion that Shylock is dark, sinister and dislikable. Portias pleas for Shylock to accept the money are impassioned and lyrical, but Shylock is unmoved. His lack of emotion makes the audience automatically opposed to him, in that they do not want him to be successful in his fight to take his pound of flesh. Then Antonio makes a speech which greatly influences the audience opinion for both himself and Shylock. He talks about his loyalty to Bassanio and says that he is prepared to die for him, making us see him as a brave, loyal friend. He does not appear to be scared of death and says he will be at least remembered as old and strong rather than old and feeble. He is also keen for Bassanio to tell Portia how he (Antonio) cared for him (Bassanio). This is because he feels an outcast because of the lack of love in his life (another similarity between him and Shylock) and he wants to prove that he does have the capability of loving someone so much he would die for them. This is also ironic because Portia is there and she hears what he says without him realising. When he makes this speech the contrast between him and Shylock is huge because they both have such different values and views on life. The audience will think that Antonio is brave and loyal, and that will lower their opinion of Shylock because Shylock still wants to take his pound of flesh. We see how un-noble Shylock is when he is compared to Antonios loyal outlook. One of the main differences in the two characters opinions of what should happen is caused by their religion. Shylock thinks that he has done nothing wrong and that he is only following the law, therefore he seeks only justice. On the other hand, the Christian outlook is that all men are sinful and depend on Gods mercy. Shylock justifies his opinion by quoting from the bible (3:1). In doing this he is pointing out that the law of the Jews is that of an eye for an eye and the law of Christ is mercy and forgiveness. He is showing how different the two religions views are, and therefore allowing him to contravene the spirit of the law. However the trial scene highlights the fact that Shylocks mind is so twisted that he cannot even admit the bitterness and evil in his own soul. However, in the end, Portia points out that Shylock is unable to get his pound of flesh without letting any blood be shed, which is not allowed in the bond. This is ironic because Portia is being as pedantic about the law as Shylock was being earlier. Then Shylock decides that he would like to just take the money but Portia says that he has already turned them down so he should have nothing but a penalty. Compared to his behaviour and attitude at the beginning of the scene Shylock now becomes more apologetic and begging. Then we see how the way the other characters treat and refer to Shylock will affect the audience opinion. Shylock is treated very badly in this scene. He is not referred to by his name, but by Jew which is made to sound like an insult and it takes away his equality and individuality. They also suggest that Shylock is an outsider of Venice and therefore does not have equal rights. It is enacted in the laws of Venice If it be provd against an alien This is not fair to Shylock as he is as much as a part of Venice as Antonio, Portia and all the other Christians. Here we see a lot of hypocrisy as one of the reasons that they condone Shylock is that he makes money for nothing. However they either dont realise or choose to ignore the fact that they all do the same thing to make a living: buy things and sell them off at a higher price. The audience may be slightly more sympathetic towards Shylock because of the lack of respect and hypocrisy shown to him. It also shows that all the people in the court view Shylock as an outside, although he is as much of a citizen of Venice as they are. The only reason that they dont accept him is that he is a Jew whilst they are Christians. To a modern audience this would seem like a minor difference because there is a much larger diversity amongst the people in Britain then there would have been in Elizabethan times. Therefore, modern audience would not totally understand the seemingly irrational hatred of Shylock, simply for the fact that he is a Jew. Then the Duke decides that Shylock must become Christian and he must leave his money to Jessica and Lorenzo when he dies. This is another example of hypocrisy because Christians should so mercy and forgiveness and they are not showing that at all in the way that they are treating Shylock because they presume that they have the right to change his faith when it is nothing to do with them and it just highlights their prejudices. Shylock is often judged externally which means that the audience do not get to see him as he sees himself. It also means that we only get to see other peoples views on Shylock so the audience only ever gets a secondary view of Shylocks character, which will obviously affect their own opinion of him. For example, a lot of the adjectives used to describe Shylock in Act Four, Scene One vary greatly from those used to describe Antonio. Shylock is described by adjectives such as an inhuman wretch, unfeeling man, harsh, inexecrable dog and the offender. None of these are very complimentary and they would influence the audience opinion. However, Antonio is described as a poor merchant, touchd with human gentleness and love and royal merchant. These words are very complimentary and they would affect the audience view of Shylock because they would compare the adjectives used to describe both characters. Another example of external judging of Shylock comes after his reaction to the abduction of his daughter. Salerio mocks Shylock because of the reaction that he was more concerned about the loss of his money than the loss of his daughter. This, again, will influence audience opinion. Also, the audience would judge Shylock as a Jew through the references of others and through the costume he wears. All of this external judging will influence audience opinion because much of it is negative and if the other characters are constantly mocking or saying negative things about Shylock then the audience will be affected by these views, especially if they do not get to see how Shylock views himself. There would also be differing opinions between modern and Elizabethan audiences because nowadays different cultures, races and religions are much more common around Britain and so any prejudices against someone because of their religion would be seen as racist, and an undesirable characteristic. Elizabethan audiences, however, would see Shylock as inferior to Antonio simply because he is a Jew and Jews were disliked in their times. Therefore, a modern audience may feel sympathy towards Shylock in a lot of the situations, whereas an Elizabethan audience would feel that Shylock deserved what he got.