Internet Procedures Essay

The Internet is considered the â€Å"world’s largest computer network† (Encyclopedia Americana). The Internet dates back to the early 1960s. The Internet consists of small computer networks that are connected to each other. It serves as a tool for different organizations to share and exchange electronic data. It links different computers from all over the world through TCP/IP protocols (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006). Each computer has a software that allows it to provide information and conversely, to access and view information (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006). The Internet has grown in size over the years that the Internet Software Consortium estimated that by early 2003, more than 170 million computers or hosts are connected to the Internet (Encyclopedia Americana). A person who wants to access the Internet through a computer must have a telecommunications link, such as modem, and software that is necessary to be able to connect to an Internet Service Provider (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006). A computer needs an IP address to be able to connect to the Internet. An IP address consists of a unique set of numbers that allows the computer to receive data using the TCP/IP. Transmission or sharing of computer files occurs when each packet of a computer file finds its destination, which is the IP address of its intended recipient (Encyclopedia Americana). The Internet differs from the World Wide Web (WWW), in that the Internet is the network that serves as the conduit of all computers connected to it, while the World Wide Web is â€Å"a service that allows computer users to quickly and easily navigate the Internet† (Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia). References Internet. (2007). Encyclopedia Americana. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from Grolier Online http://0-ea. grolier. com. novacat. nova. edu:80/cgi-bin/article? assetid=0216805-00 The Library, University of California, Berkeley. (2006). What is the Internet? Retrieved February 20, 2007, from http://www. lib. berkeley. edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/WhatIs. html World Wide Web. (2007). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from Grolier Online http://0-gme. grolier. com. novacat. nova. edu:80/cgi- bin/article? assetid=0315535-0

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Economics - Essay Example The economic success of a country derives its roots from the works of individuals. As a result, when individual are well conversant with the principle of economics, overall success is achievable. This paper seek to give an in-depth analysis of how the realization that economic principles underlie the choices we make at a personal, business and societal level has sparked today’s growing interest in economics. Economic Principles Before a commodity reaches the hands of a consumer, it usually undergoes various stages of development. Some of these stages include production and distribution. The entire process is referred to as economics and its contribution to development cannot be neglected. The economics principles usually give an overview of how the economy works. In the achievement of success, a proper understanding of the basics methods and concepts used by economist is necessary. Some of the principles of economics include: (A). Scarcity It is evident that the human needs ar e more than the resources available. As a result, not all the human needs can be satisfied at the same time. In economics, there are two categories of goods namely, free goods and economic goods. Free goods are available free of charge in nature while economic goods are limited in their supply (Mankiv, 2011). As people have been enlightened about scarcity, they are able to make sound decisions on the available resources thus increasing their efficiency. This is favorable for economic development. (B). Rationality In life, not everything comes as expected. As a result, proper reasoning is very necessary in ensuring that one gets a proper understanding situation. Making a rational decision is necessary, as it is optimal in achieving a goal. It usually takes into account all the merits and demerits before coming into a conclusion but taking into account the possible alternatives (Smith, 2008). By the people making sound decision, they are able to make proper economic activities and thu s this has sparkled today’s growing interest in economics. (c). Preferences When a person is offered various items, he is likely to choose one out of the many. The decision to choose one is specifically dependent on an individual. This is mainly derived from the person’s attitude towards the subject. In essence, preference is not static but dynamic over time. This is mainly determined by the person’s knowledge on the item. Because people are equipped with different preferences, they allow them to explore the utilities of all the available options (Loewenstein, 2007). Since by making preferences one increases the net utility, it directly and indirectly influences economic development. (D). Restrictions If a person was to be asked on the items he would desire in life to achieve his set goals and objectives, it is evident that there are always restriction that would hinder him from achieving them. Some of restriction are clearly indicated in the budgets and input c ost. For example, if the input cost is very high beyond the capability of a person, then he is bound not to undertake the transaction. Under such conditions, maximization is challenged. Therefore having clearly understanding how to maximize when restriction are there is necessary in ensuring that economic development is achieved. (E). Opportunity Cost This derives its roots from scarcity. Due to scarcity, the resources available to a person

Exam 4 chaptrer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam 4 chaptrer - Essay Example As such, education mainly focuses on developing this form of intelligence among the students, helping them make the most informed decisions. Subsequently, the theory focuses on an individual’s psychological and intellectual development. An individual undergoes through a continuous developmental process through experiences and personality development (Gutek 89). Through instrumentalism, students learn the use of tools and equipment used in real life. Such is the role played by the use of experiments ion the teaching of students, as demonstrated by Charles Pierce. Experiments are a representation of the actual reality of what students learn in the class. Pragmatism gives me an insight into the role played by experiments and role-playing in the learning process. While in reality most of the lessons focus on classroom learning, the biggest danger of this is semi-baked graduates facing the real problem. Such students may find it hard dealing with the real situations, especially due to the fact that they have never faced such issues ever in their lives. However, with a model representative of the reality, graduates have an idea of what to expect in future. This is one of the most effective ways of teaching, with its guarantee of well-trained graduates. While explaining this theory to another person, I would define pragmatism as that method of training that includes the use of experiments, assimilation models and many practical lessons. Idealism According to the developers of the idealism theory, only ideas can effectively endure. Developers of this theory try to separate mental and material realms of the learning process. According to Plato, the government plays a very significant role in the education sector. These universal truths promote a dialectic approach, creating a channel for reflection among the students. Aristotle on the other hand held that for matter to exist there must be form. Since science and philosophy compliments each other, the study of mat ter leads to an understanding of deeper form. Nothing exists without a purpose, according to Aristotle. In the learning process, the body and soul engage in a conflicting argument, necessitating the striking of a balance between the body and the soul. Through education therefore, we are in a position of striking a balance between the body and the soul. The theory has a number of assertions aimed at the learning process. Among these, include the application of reasoning in search for the truth, the use of science and art in higher thinking and reasoning, and the realization of the ultimate goal of education after the end of the learning process. The main function of education is to enable a sense of duty, willpower and loyalty. From the lessons learnt in the assertions contained in this theory, education should aim at meeting its objective and goal, which is individual development. While personal development is one of these forms of development, it should do so both socially and psyc hologically. As students graduate from the school, they should realize their self-worth, and hold a position that they can defend themselves as professionals. Art and science plays a very significant role in the professional lives of students, especially in shaping their careers and lifestyles. Ideally, the learning process should focus on developing an individual wholly and stimulate the reasoning a student, whether ion class or in the field.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Personal Statement - Essay Example I have already proven the practical nature of my endeavors by transforming my graduation project into my own business empire. I particularly need this scholarship opportunity to reflect my intelligence and ability as a future scientist because my Math grades in the school have not been favorable. Despite being inherently good at Math, my grades were jeopardized by an inexperienced and unqualified Math teacher. I want something as weighty and reliable as this scholarship opportunity to counter the effect of my Math grades and advocate my intelligence and capability before my employers on my behalf. Our industry’s emphasis on Mathematically competent workforce is increasing as the work processes are becoming increasingly technological and innovative. Therefore, I intend to specialize in Mathematics after graduation and having secured a scholarship in the past will optimize my tendency to secure more scholarships in the future. This scholarship will give me the thrust to reach my dream destination in the long

2009 Stimulus Bill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

2009 Stimulus Bill - Research Paper Example The day that President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, he made a speech in Denver, which was city where he accepted the Democratic Party’s nomination for the presidency. President Obama addressed the mayors regarding the stimulus plan and he highlighted the important aspects of the plan similar to his speech that he gave in Denver. President Obama had a meeting with the Prime Minister of Canada and took the opportunity, during the press conference to discuss the benefits of the stimulus plan. When Congress authorized the $787 billion economic stimulus package, not one House Republican voted for the stimulus plan. House Minority Leader John Boehner indicated that the plan would only make larger bureaucracies and not create jobs. Bill overview The American Recovery and Reinvestment Bill was the first essential step by the government to produce and preserve three to four million jobs, start up the economy, and start transforming the economy for the 21st c entury with $787.2 billion in economic improvement tax cuts and directed priority investments (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan allows for unparalleled supervision, responsibility, and clearness to make certain that taxpayer dollars are invested successfully and efficiently (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). ... The American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan seeks to put individuals in employment to cut down America’s reliance on foreign oil by strengthening attempts aimed at increasing renewable energy manufacture and modernize public structures to make them more energy efficient.  (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). The plan will invest more than $30 billion to alter the country’s energy diffusion, delivery, and creation systems and investing $5 billion to weatherize middle class homes (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). The stimulus plan will invest $15 billion for science facilities, research, and instrumentation and $7.2 billion to expand broadband internet access in attempt to help companies compete in a global economy.  (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan will invest $27.5 billion for highway construction, $16.5 billion to renew federal and other public infrastructure, $18.8 billion for clean water, flood control, and environmental restoration, and $17.7 billion for transportation initiatives to cut down traffic congestion and gas use (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). To facilitate children to be taught in 21st century schoolrooms, the stimulus plan will invest $26 billion in school districts, $53.6 billion in state fiscal aid to avoid cutbacks to vital services, and $15.6 billion to enlarge the Pell grant (Summary of Economic Stimulus Bill, 2009). In an effort to keep jobs, money, and lives, the stimulus plan will invest $19 billion for health information technology to avert medical errors, supply enhanced care to patients and establish cost-saving efficiencies and $2 billion to offer preventative care and to assess the most efficient healthcare treatments (Summary of Economic

The Accidental Tourist- Macon's Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Accidental Tourist- Macon's Change - Essay Example The novel is mainly based on Macon Leary and how his metamorphosis comes about. How one deals with death and tragedy matters a lot, Macon loses his son in a shoot-out so he is clearly shown as a devastated man, the same also affects his marriage with his life and they decide to separate. The process of reconciliation is important, initially Macon does not want to be friendly with anyone, he is hostile and extremely upset because he loses his son but he later changes his attitude and adapts well in-spite of his great loss. Sarah and Muriel are the two love interests in the life of Macon, Muriel is his lover in the novel and Sarah is his wife. Some very interesting and important sequences of events happen in Paris. Macon gets injured in Paris in the novel, his back gets badly hurt and Sarah looks after him. He gets to juxtapose the qualities of the two women this time around, in doing so he finds that he is really uncomfortable with Sarah and he has to be someone else when he is with h is wife Sarah. On the other hand he finds life to be rosy when he is with Muriel; he is really comfortable when she is around. This makes a lot of difference in how events unfold in the novel, Macon also changes a lot after he notices such fine differences in the two women in his life. â€Å"In spite of Muriel’s difference from Macon in age, class, and outlook on life, once Macon has admitted to her his pain over Ethan’s death, he comes to realize, that she too, has been hurt in her life, that he is not the only person ever to feel pain.† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon changes and finds that even though Muriel is eccentric she is much different from Sarah and he falls for her. "Now that Ethan's dead I sometimes wonder if there's any point to life," Macon responds, "It never seemed to me there was all that much point to begin with."  (The Accidental Tourist) The way Sarah dealt with the loss of their child was extremely different from the way Macon dealt with t he loss, the differences between the two most important characters of the novel are very important to observe to be able to determine the extent of change Macon went through in the novel. â€Å"When Macon is with Muriel he is not detached and cold; he gradually comes to see other people in the world not as faceless mobs of people but as individuals doing the best they can to get through life† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon realizes the differences between Sarah and Muriel; he wanted to start a relationship with Muriel in-spite of their differences. There were quite a few differences between the two, their age was not ideal nor was anything else, both belonged to different cultures and Sarah had even pointed out the changes but they complimented each other well. â€Å"He had not taken steps very often in his life   . . . all seemed to have simply befallen him.   He couldn’t think of a single major act he had managed of his own accord.   Was it too late to begin?à ‚   Was there any way he could learn to do things differently.† (The Accidental Tourist) Macon finally realized that Muriel was the woman who brought the best out of him each day and he can be happy should he decide to stay with Muriel. His outlook towards life changed because of Muriel, with Sarah he was a very different person and with Muriel he was another person. â€Å"

Airline industry analysis by Porters Five Forces Essay Example for Free

Airline industry analysis by Porters Five Forces Essay The Airline industry provides a very unique service to its customers. It transports people with a high level of convenience and efficiency that cannot not be provided by any other industry or substitute. Airline companies pride themselves on the way they treat their customer during the flight. They have things such as food, drinks, entertainment, and a welcoming staff. The service of transportation is provided in other industries but the airline surpasses all of them when it comes to timeliness. The geographic scope of the airline industry is at a global level. Some firms are able to fly their planes all over the world while others focus on smaller geographic areas. The five forces model is one way to answer the first basic question in strategic management; â€Å"Why are some industries more attractive than others?† This model shows the five forces that shape industry competition; threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, and competitors. In order to analyze the airline industry we have look at each of these forces. Bargaining power of Buyers The airline industry is made up of two groups of buyers. First, there are individual flyers. They buy plane tickets for a number of reasons that can be personal or business related. This group is extremely diverse; most people in developed countries have purchased a plane ticket. They can do this through the specific airline or through the second group of buyers; travel agencies and online portals. This buyer group works as a middle man between the airlines and the flyers. They work with multiple airline firms in order to give customers the best flight possible. Between these two groups there is definitely a large amount of buyers compared to the number of firms. There are low switching costs between firms because many people choose the flight based on where they are going and the cost at the time. This is some loyalty to firms but not enough for high switching costs. Each customer needs a lot of important information. They need to know the details of what  is provided during the flight. Buyers need to understand the timing of the flight and the safety aspects of flying in general. The service provided is unique. Each airline has a niche. Some airlines focus on cost, while others focus on having the best amenities, etc. Overall the bargaining power of buyers has an extremely low threat in this industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Next we look at the bargaining power of the suppliers. In this case the major suppliers are the airplane manufacturers. The top two manufacturers in the world currently are Boeing and Airbus(Odell,Mark). In this industry the inputs are extremely standardized. Airline companies only seem to differentiate with amenities. The planes are very similar. Currently some manufacturers are trying to make their plans more ecofriendly. Airline companies cannot easily switch suppliers. Most firms have long term contracts with their suppliers. Planes are such high capital products that firms probably make long term loan agreements and have more favorable credit terms when they don’t switch companies. It is difficult to enter into the plane manufacturing industry because of the capital needed to enter. The amount of money and expertise needed to make even one plane is around 200 million dollars. For this reason there are very few suppliers in the airline industry. Airline firms are the only source of income for these manufacturers so their business is extremely important. Based on these things the bargaining power of suppliers has a low threat as well. Threat of New Entrants Threat of new entrants is another major aspect of the five forces. This aspect has a low threat for the airline industry. There are two aspects that do however raise the threat level. First, there are extremely low switching costs. Second, there are no proprietary products or services involved. Even with these two aspects the industry still has a very low threat overall. Existing firms have a large cost advantage. This industry requires  a large amount of capital and without a strong customer base there will be little to no profit in the first few years. Existing firms can and will use their high capital to retaliate against newer firms with whatever means necessary such as lowering prices and taking a loss. Although there are low switching costs between brands, consumers tend to only chose well-known names. Airline tickets are expensive so people don’t want to give that money to firms they don’t trust. There is also a huge safety aspect involved and most consumers feel safer with firms that have been around for a long period of time. This industry requires plane and flying experience which also lowers the threat of entry. When firms decide to enter the market they first have to become licensed which can take about a year. After that they are constantly being regulated by several organizations such as the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Transportation. The time and money spend to solely open an airline company is enough to prevent most people from entering the industry. Threat of Substitutes After looking at the threat of entry it is important to also consider the threat of substitutes. This industry has a medium substitute risk level. There are substitutes in the airline industry. Consumers can choose other form of transportation such as a car, bus, train, or boat to get to their destination. There is however a cost to switch. Some means of transportation can be more costly than a plane ticket. The main cost is time. Planes are by far the fastest form of transportation available. Airlines surpass all other forms of transportation when it comes to cost, convenience, and sometimes service. Consumers do sometimes choose other methods for various reasons such as cost if they are not traveling very far which raises the risk. Rivalry among Existing Players The last area of the five forces is the rivalry among existing players. The rivalry in the airline industry is very intense for many reasons. The industry is currently very stagnant. It seems to be in the mature stage of the business cycle. The number of competitors stays the same in the long run  and it doesn’t seem to be under or over capacitated. The fixed costs are extremely high in this industry. This makes it hard to leave the industry because they are probably in long term loan agreements in order to stay in business. The products involved or the planes are highly complex which also heightens the competition. The competition is lessened by the brand identities of different firms. For example, Jetblue is known for its amenities and Southwest is known for its low prices. The market share seemed to be equally distributed because each company has its own part of the market and because switching costs are low none of the firms can really hold a large percentage of the market. The strongest forces in this industry are the competition of existing firms and the power of suppliers. The rivalry of existing players is high and will push out any firm that doesnt have enough capital. Suppliers are strong forces because planes are so costly to make. If the suppliers changed the credit terms by even a small amount it could mean a significant loss for the firm. On the other hand the other forces involved seem to have a weak threat. It is costly and time consuming to enter the market which lowers the risk of entry. Buyers have a weak force because of the low switching costs and substitutes are weak because they are usually too costly. The profit in this industry is high because for most people flying in necessary. It is not a trend which makes this industry profitable for the long term. Airlines that are more profitable are in a better position because they usually have more planes and a larger variety of flights which provides further convenience for the consumer. Recently there have been some changes in some of the forces. Some airplane manufacturers have been making ecofriendly planes, which is a change in the bargaining power of suppliers. This would differentiate the products, raising the threat of suppliers. Another recent change is the use of web portals such as Expedia to book flights. This positive change creates a whole new group of buyers and makes purchasing flights faster and easier. The increase in gas prices has also been a positive change for the industry  because it lessens the power of substitutes. People are more willing to fly to their destination if driving would be more expensive. After looking at the Five Forces Model firms should make dealing with the competition their main priority. The other areas in the model seem to have an overall low threat so existing firms don’t have to focus on those areas as much in their business strategy. Now that we have brought you through our Porters Five Force analysis, the last thing that is important to consider when exploring an industry, are the dominant economic features. The next section of our report will give you an overview of what features affect the airline industry most.